The Five Training Zones
- Zone 1 (50–60% max): very light — warm-up and recovery
- Zone 2 (60–70%): light — fat-burning, base endurance, conversational pace
- Zone 3 (70–80%): moderate — aerobic fitness, sustainable cardio
- Zone 4 (80–90%): hard — lactate threshold, race pace efforts
- Zone 5 (90–100%): maximum — short intervals, peak power
How Max HR is Estimated
We use the Tanaka formula (208 − 0.7 × age), considered more accurate than the classic "220 minus age" — especially over 40. Your true max can only be measured in a maximal exercise test.
The 80/20 Rule
Endurance research consistently supports spending ~80% of training time in Zones 1–2 and only ~20% in Zones 4–5. Most amateur runners train too hard on easy days and too easy on hard days.