The Break-Even Formula
Break-even units = fixed costs ÷ (price − variable cost per unit). The denominator is your contribution margin — what each sale contributes toward covering fixed costs. With £5,000 fixed costs, £50 price and £20 variable cost, you need 5,000 ÷ 30 = 167 units/month.
Using Break-Even for Decisions
- Pricing: see instantly how a price change shifts the units you need
- New premises: add the extra rent to fixed costs — can you realistically sell the additional units?
- Hiring: a £2,500/month employee at £30 contribution = 84 extra sales needed
Margin of Safety
Once trading, your margin of safety = (actual sales − break-even sales) ÷ actual sales. Below 20% is a warning sign that a modest downturn puts you into losses.